My name is Rick Pratt. Today is October 19, 2001. I am interviewing Ernest Wingen. This interview is taking
place in the Woodfield Suites, San Antonio, Texas. The interview is in support of the National Museum of the
Pacific Wars Center for War Studies for the preservation of historical information related to World War II.

Mr. Pratt: Mr. Wingen, thank you very much for taking time to relate the experiences you underwent during
World War II. To begin with, when and where were your born?

Mr. Wingen: I was born in 1923 in Salem, South Dakota.

Mr. Pratt: Who were your parents?

Mr. Wingen: My dad was Patrick and my mother was Sophie. He was a plumber and heater and thrash
person. He had thrashing machines. My mother was a florist. She had greenhouses and gardens.

Mr. Pratt: Did you have any brothers and sisters?

Mr. Wingen: I had two brothers and one sister, all older than me. I am the baby in the family.

Mr. Pratt: What were their names?

Mr. Wingen: My sister was Patricia. My oldest brother was Joseph and the second was Michael.

Mr. Pratt: Where did you go to school?

Mr. Wingen: I went to school at St. Mary’s Grade and High School in Salem, South Dakota. Prior to World
War II, I started at South Dakota State College in Brookings. I quit college and went into the service for three
years. Then I returned to college after the war to get my degree and a Masters.

Mr. Pratt: So where did you enter the Military?

Mr. Wingen: In Sioux Falls, South Dakota. I went down to the recruiting station.

Mr. Pratt: When was that?

Mr. Wingen: January, 1943. My buddy and I had been to college. We would walk up and down the street
and people would look at us like draft dodgers. We felt kind of out of place. We were patriotic guys and were
taking ROTC in college. Finally, we decided to go into the service. So I went up and had a physical to see if I
was ok.

And I was except I was color-blind. I knew I would never get into the Navy being color-blind. So the doctor
gave me the color-blind chart and told me that is what they had at Sioux Falls and to just memorize the pages
and I would be ok. Which I did; and I was. So I got into the Navy. Then I was sent to Farragat, Idaho to Boot
Camp. They had the color chart up on the wall. I couldn’t tell the colors. My buddy, Dick Parker, and I had
taken our aptitude tests. He went on the Officers’ Candidate School and became an officer in the Navy. And I
got put in the Seabees. I was happy about it. We were by far the best outfit in the service and I really enjoyed
it. It was where I belonged.

Mr. Pratt: Had you done much construction before?

Mr. Wingen: I had worked on farms. With machinery, with the thrashers with my dad.

Mr. Pratt: What kind of training did they give you?

Mr. Wingen: When we got to Camp Perry, Virginia, we formed the 93rd Battalion. We were commissioned
at Camp Perry. I had requested heavy equipment. I ran into an operator, by the name of Duward Bedford,
from Mabank, Texas. He was a prime time operator. I became an oiler for him and he taught me about the
machine and how to operate the machine. Later on I was able to get my own machine.

Mr. Pratt: Sounds like you were an apprentice under him.

Mr. Wingen: That’s right.

Mr. Pratt: But you already knew a little bit about the machinery ….

Mr. Wingen: Everybody has their aptitudes and I had a mechanical aptitude.

Mr. Pratt: Then you were assigned to the 93rd Battalion in Camp Perry, Virginia. About when was this?

Mr. Wingen: That was April, 1943.

Mr. Pratt: You trained to be a machine operator.

Mr. Wingen: Yes, shovels and cranes and back hoes and that type of machinery.

Mr. Pratt: What type of clothing and equipment were you issued?

Mr. Wingen: Regular Navy dungarees. That is what we wore most of the time.

Mr. Pratt: How long were you in Virginia before you shipped out?

Mr. Wingen: We stayed there approximately 2 months and then we were transferred up to Camp Endicot,
Rhode Island, where we continued our training. After we finished there, which was about July or August, we
were shipped by troop train all the way across the country to Camp Parks, California, near Oakland. We
continued our training there. Then we were shipped down to Port Huememe, California, where we shipped out
in October.

Mr. Pratt: Where did you go from there? What was your first stop?

Mr. Wingen: When we left Port Huememe, we went overseas. On the way, we cross the equator. I don’t
know if people are familiar with this, you become a shell-back if you crossed the equator. Now my son has
crossed it many times. He is in the Navy for life. He is a 21 year veteran already.

Then we went to the Russell Island groups for acclimatization, just to get used to the temperature, the climate
and humidity. We were only there for a couple of months and then we went up and invaded Green Island,
which is up above Bougainville. We built two air strips, numerous roads and campsites on the island. From
those strips, the first B 24 bombers took off and bombed Truk, which is a turning point in World War II. We
stayed on Green Island for about a year and then went up and took part in the invasion of the Philippines.

Mr. Pratt: What islands did you come upon then?

Mr. Wingen: When we got off the ship, we were supposed to go to Leyte and build a couple of air strips.
We were headed for Leyte and the harbor patrol cut us off and switched us over to Samar because if we had
landed at Leyte there was a troop of 20,000 Japanese waiting for us. So we were glad to be turned around.

We landed on Samar. So we didn’t have a job to do on Samar like we were supposed to be doing n Leyte.
So we started digging a road on the top of this mountain right above Leyte Gulf for a recreation area. But we
had something to do. I worked the night shift. I would work till it got dark and the air raids would go off and I
would just bow my bucket up and watch the bombing and fireworks that went on. We knocked down planes
just about every night. It was kind of fun watching that action.

Now we talked about color blind. One night a green flare went off. My shovel had 1500 watts of lights that
could show when I worked at night. So I flipped on my lights and went to work. Pretty soon I am hearing
gunshots over my head. So I reached up and turned my lights off and come to find out it was a red flare instead
of a green flare. That is where my color blindness could have caught up with me.

Mr. Pratt: How did you build these roads? What kind of equipment did you use? Could you describe the
process of deciding where and what to build?

Mr. Wingen: First we had to shovel. We would take the shovel and move the coral and level out a road.

Mr. Pratt: Did you ever have to bring in any base or any other material?

Mr. Wingen: Not in that case we didn’t. Now coral is a living animal and if it is set over a number of years, it
is harder than concrete. But if it is young coral, then it digs like sand. That is really beautiful digging. So it has to
be blasted by dynamite to break it up into smaller pieces.

Mr. Pratt: Where did you get the coral?

Mr. Wingen: The whole island is coral and you just start where ever you want and you have coral. In some
areas, there is a narrow or small layer of dirt.

Mr. Pratt: So you mostly were working on road building?

Mr. Wingen: Our big job was to build air strips.

Mr. Pratt: That is like a road that is wider and longer.

Mr. Wingen: That is right. We built this one strip that was 10,000 feet long for the B-29 bombers when they
landed. You could take a cat and run over one end of the strip and you could stand 10,000 feet away, which is
almost 2 miles, and you could feel it shiver. It was just a solid piece of coral all of the way. It was wonderful
stuff for strips.

Mr. Pratt: So how deep would the landing strip itself be?

Mr. Wingen: I imagine a couple of feet deep. I didn’t really get out on the strip. I just dug the coral and they
loaded it up on trucks. We just kept working it back and forth and wetting it down and working it back and
forth.

Mr. Pratt: So basically all they used was coral?

Mr. Wingen: Absolutely all we used was coral.

Mr. Pratt: So this was on Green Island?

Mr. Wingen: Well, we built two strips on Green Island and we moved up to the Philippines and we built two
strips on Samar. Then we moved about 60 miles north of the southern tip of Samar and built these strips. Plus,
I would like to see it today, we called it a million dollar Naval Air Station with just 100’s of Quonset buildings
and storage houses for supplies. That was our job during the war.

Mr. Pratt: So how long were you on Samar?

Mr. Wingen: About a year. Till the war ended in August and we had to stay there. Incidentally, my father
died three days after the war ended. He was back in the states. When the war was over, I probably shouldn’t
publicize the fact, there were telegrams lying on the Red Cross desk for over a week before I was notified that
my father had passed away. That always was a sort spot with me. Anyway, I would not get home to be with
my Mom. It was in November before we finally left for the states and I got home and discharged in December,
1945.

Mr. Pratt: You went back to school?

Mr. Wingen: Yes, I returned to school and got married. Finished my education. I was a teacher of vocational
agriculture. I taught for 29 years in South Dakota and 6 years in Minnesota.

Mr. Pratt: Taught kids how to drive heavy equipment?

Mr. Wingen: No, I loved that but I taught them how to drive tractors and handle machinery and plant crops.

Mr. Pratt: So what led a Midwest farm boy to want to go to sea?

Mr. Wingen: I guess I didn’t want to. I guess I was patriotic enough to want to be a part of what we were
doing.

Mr. Pratt: Why did you choose the Navy over the Army or Air Force?

Mr. Wingen: I guess the Navy is kind of a show off bunch. You think about someone in the Navy as a
happy, go-lucky guy. You can think about an Army guy as having to carry a rifle and get in the mud and stuff. I
wound up in the best outfit. The Seabees. All experienced guys, very few young kids that didn’t know what
they were doing. Each had a job to do.

The attitude of the country was fantastic. You could get out and put your thumb out to hitch-hike a ride and
they would stop and pick you up. When we got to California, before we shipped out, there wasn’t a Sunday
that we weren’t invited to somebody’s home for dinner. It was the best of times and the worst of times. I was
so lucky to have lived through that time and appreciate what we have here in the United States.

Through my life, I have had 8 children. Consequently, I have 21 grandchildren, and 5 great-children. I am
retired now and enjoying my grandkids. I think back to the times if hadn’t won World War II, where would we
be today?

Mr. Pratt: Thank you for taking the time to share your story with us.

Typed by Becky Lindig
Nimitz Volunteer
August, 2003